Decline in soil productivity can be due to wind and water erosion of exposed topsoil; soil compaction; loss of soil organic matter, water holding capacity, and biological activity; and salinization of soils Destination and irrigation water in irrigated farming areas. [XYZ BASICS 0 MCLH 22/08/2022 ]

Climate-related stresses in coastal areas include loss and salinization of agricultural land Destination as a result of change in sea level and changing frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones Cause . [XYZ 3ipccconsequence 0 MCLH 22/08/2022 ]

Low-lying island states and atolls also are expected to experience increased Degree sea flooding, inundation and salinization ( of soils and freshwater lenses Destination ) as a direct consequence of sea-level rise Cause . [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 MCLH 22/08/2022 ]

Increased salinization and salt runoff leading to salinization of major rivers Destination . [XYZ 2-fao-agr 0 MCLH 22/08/2022 ]

Salinization of fresh groundwater Destination was highly associated with continuous groundwater withdrawal. [XYZ GROUNDWATER 0 MCLH 22/08/2022 ]

The indicator gives a snapshot of the risk of soil Destination salinization, reflecting annual variations in weather, markets, and local management decisions, as well as the timing of the census and reported land use. [XYZ CANADIAN AGRICULTURE 0 MCLH 22/08/2022 ]

It is of relatively recent recognition that salinization of water resources Destination is a major and widespread phenomenon of possibly even greater concern to the sustainability of irrigation than is that of the salinization of soils, per se. [XYZ 2-fao-agr 0 MCLH 22/08/2022 ]

The most important issues related to water quality involve salinization and contamination of ground and surface waters Destination by pesticides, nitrates and selenium Material . [XYZ US DAVIS 0 MCLH 22/08/2022 ]

In a place like Canada these factors could easily translate into a worst-case Manner scenario for spring flooding Patient - large accumulations of snow, heavy rains, and water-saturated soils. [XYZ 2CANADACCD9801 0 MCLH 01/11/2014 ]

More concern and research shall focus on the social and economic impact of various e-waste management Patient scenarios, as well as exploring alternative political instruments and management tools for effective operation of e-waste recycling across China. [XYZ Ewaste UNEP 0 MCLH 01/11/2014 ]

In this climate Patient scenario deep water formation is reduced, not by a reduction in moisture evaporation, but by a melting of ice from the Greenland ice cap. [XYZ ENCY 0 MCLH 01/11/2014 ]

Changes in monsoon mean duration and strength depend on the details of the emission Patient scenario. [XYZ GREENFACTS 0 MCLH 01/11/2014 ]

The lowest emission scenario projected an increase of 1°C by 2100 while the highest Degree emission Patient scenario projected a 3.5°C increase by 2100. [XYZ Methane 0 MCLH 01/11/2014 ]

The baseline emissions and the emissions in a mitigation Patient scenario for 2015 are presented in Table TS-11. [XYZ 4IPCCSROCSPMTS 0 MCLH 01/11/2014 ]

As is often the case, particularly in Ireland, waste management Patient scenarios are evaluated on the narrow framework of cost benefit analysis. [XYZ w m models 0 MCLH 01/11/2014 ]

12Combining FR-Central and IS92e (which would be more consistent on the basis of the population projections employed) would lead to a limitation Patient scenario between the FR-High and NL-1 % cases, slightly closer to NL-1 % than FR-High. [XYZ 6IPCCEMISSIONS 0 MCLH 01/11/2014 ]

The published projections of municipal waste generation for China were based on three different Descriptor waste growth Patient scenarios. [XYZ according to w m human health 0 MCLH 01/11/2014 ]

Known as IS92a, this scenario forecasts increases in greenhouse gas emissions over the next century Patient on the basis of estimated changes in energy demand, population growth, and other factors. [XYZ 1CANADACCD 0 MCLH 01/11/2014 ]

This is why GBN Agent is working with OSD to develop a plausible Manner scenario for abrupt climate change Patient that can be used to explore implications for food supply, health and disease, commerce and trade, and their consequences for national security. [XYZ RAPPORTPENTAGONE 0 MCLH 01/11/2014 ]

For example, Gajalakshmi (2003) had launched a major campaign to ¸ segregate and compost the waste generated at the residential quarters of the Pondicherry University faculty Patient . [XYZ COMPOSTING ART 0 MCLH 20/05/2014 ]

Segregate and divert mixed waste streams Patient enabling waste to be reused or recycled, thereby reducing the amount of waste to be disposed of Purpose . [XYZ BURNING INCINERATION 0 MCLH 20/05/2014 ]

It is a good practice to be treated, leachate and effluents Patient should be segregated and managed assume that any stormwater runoff from outdoor feedstock and amendment [XYZ MSW ORGANICS PROCESSING 0 MCLH 20/05/2014 ]

These wastes Patient should be segregated daily Frequency and stored in wildlife-proof containers for frequent removal to an approved disposal site. [XYZ BURNING INCINERATION 0 MCLH 20/05/2014 ]

Discards Patient must be segregated, so that each fraction can be optimally composted or recycled, instead of the current system of mixed-waste disposal Purpose . [XYZ LANDFILL STARNDARDS 0 MCLH 20/05/2014 ]

Although a wide range of wastes can be destroyed, waste Patient may have to be segregated and remixed in order to achieve a uniform heating value close to the design point of the incinerator. [XYZ BURNING INCINERATION 0 MCLH 20/05/2014 ]

The most effective way to reduce or minimize the release of pollutants is to segregate the waste Patient before burning Time and achieve sufficiently high temperature, holding time and turbulence in the burn chamber. [XYZ BURNING INCINERATION 0 MCLH 20/05/2014 ]

A rigorous source separation system is essential to keep the small percentage of waste that is potentially infectious or chemically hazardous Patient-a segregated from the general waste stream Patient-b . [XYZ DYING TECHNOLOGY 0 MCLH 20/05/2014 ]

Target a wide range of materials for reuse, recycling and composting (especially several grades of paper and all types of organics) and keep these materials Patient-a segregated from mixed trash Patient-b . [XYZ DYING TECHNOLOGY 0 MCLH 20/05/2014 ]

The sensitivity of major cereal and tree crops Patient to changes in temperature, moisture and CO2 concentration of the magnitudes projected for the region Cause has been demonstrated in many studies. [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

These and other related programs have already contributed substantially to our understanding of the global climate system and the ¸ sensitivity of ecosystems and human society Patient to changes within it Cause . [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

These changes illustrate the sensitivity of regional temperatures and water resources Patient to global change Cause , but like all regional projections they are subject to considerable uncertainty and should be used with caution. [XYZ 3CANADAENVIRON 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

This suggests that the models do not exaggerate the sensitivity of climate Patient to human influences Cause . [XYZ 6CANADAQFP 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

The sensitivity of these coastlines Patient to the impacts of climate change Cause , particularly those due to sea level rise, is influenced by a variety of factors, particularly the regional characteristics of ocean processes, the nature of the shoreline, and whether vertical movements of the Earth's crust are causing the regional land masses to rise or sink. [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

The literature indicates that information about climate Patient sensitivity to greenhouse gases Cause and aerosols, climate change impact functions, and variables such as the determinants of economic growth and rates of energy efficiency improvements, is most valuable. [XYZ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

Their results show the sensitivity of ecosystems Patient to the treatment of water use Cause and especially the balance between changes in water availability due to climate change (often decreased availability in a warmer climate) and response to higher CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere (often increased water-use efficiency). [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

Vulnerability is a function of the sensitivity of a system Patient to changes in climate Cause (the degree to which a system will respond to a given change in climate, including both beneficial and harmful effects) and the ability to adapt the system to changes in climate (the degree to which adjustments in practices, processes or structures can moderate or offset the potential for damage or take advantage of opportunities created, due to a given change in climate). [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

Given increasing demands, the prevalence and sensitivity of many simple water management systems Patient to fluctuations in precipitation and runoff Cause , and the considerable time and expense required to implement many adaptation measures, the water resources sector in many regions and countries is vulnerable to potential changes in climate. [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

In addition to the reference cases, we assess the sensitivity of the various temperature and sea level results Patient to the emissions levels of CH4, N2O, and SO2 Cause , by considering different emissions cases for these gases. [XYZ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

The main uncertainties in deriving the land ice contribution to sea level rise from global mean temperature change are: the regional distribution of the temperature changes; the initial volume of the glaciers and ice-caps, and their Patient sensitivity to increases in temperature Cause ; and the initial state of balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and their sensitivity to temperature changes. [XYZ 10IPCCMODELE 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

A great deal is known about the potential Descriptor sensitivity and vulnerability of particular systems and sectors Patient ; both substantial risks and potential benefits can be identified. [XYZ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

They also need to provide plausible scenarios of future climate which can be used to test the sensitivity of ecosystems and social infrastructures Patient and to support the challenging task of developing appropriate adaptive strategies to reduce the related risks. [XYZ 1CANADACCD 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

Detection and attribution studies comparing model simulated changes with the observed record can now take into account uncertainty in the magnitude of modelled response to external forcing, in particular that due to uncertainty in climate Patient sensitivity. [XYZ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

The low, mid and high values of climate Patient sensitivity are combined with low, mid and high ice-melt parameters, respectively, to give extreme ranges. [XYZ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

Second, the sensitivity to CO2 Cause may change via acclimation, again potentially weakening the effect over time. [XYZ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

Experiments on tree species grown under elevated CO2 over several years show continued and consistent stimulation of photosynthesis and little evidence of long-term loss of sensitivity to CO2 Cause . [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

Sensitivity to weather and climate change Cause is high for all forms of transport. [XYZ ENCY 0 SB MCLH 28/03/2014 ]

Separate the liquid Patient-a and solid portions of manure in storage Patient-b to reduce the promotion of anaerobic conditions Purpose . [XYZ farms wastemgt 0 MCLH 06/04/2014 ]

On the other hand, using plastic bags creates the need for some form of preprocessing to debag feedstocks and separate them Patient-a from the plastic Patient-b . [XYZ MSW Organics Processing 2013 0 MCLH 06/04/2014 ]

It is possible to separate specific metal phases Patient-a from the melted product Patient-b and recycle these metals, perhaps after refinement. [XYZ incineration residues 0 06/04/2014 ]

The remaining non-metallic material is then processed in order to separate circuit boards Patient-a and wire Patient-b , while the other remaining fractions are land-filled. [XYZ Ewaste UNEP 0 MCLH 06/04/2014 ]

The informal recycling processes apply manual dismantling as the primary treatment Method to separate the heterogeneous materials Patient-a and components Patient-b physically Manner with simple tools like hammers, screwdrivers, chisels etc. Instrument [XYZ Ewaste UNEP 0 06/04/2014 ]

Separate strings Patient-a from the plastic Patient-b . [XYZ farms wastemgt 0 MCLH 06/04/2014 ]

Grate siftings are usually combined with bottom ash, so that in most ¸cases it is not possible to separate the two waste streams Patient . [XYZ incineration residues 0 MCLH 06/04/2014 ]

While the various EU countries currently take different stances on how and which waste Patient to separate, the trend will be to separate as much useful waste as possible and deal with it in the most appropriate manner. [XYZ Waste sorting 0 MCLH 06/04/2014 ]

Waste Patient with a high specific environmental impact per tonne is normally found in minor volumes and is therefore more difficult to separate and collect. [XYZ w generation and m 0 MCLH 06/04/2014 ]

In medical facilities, the knowledge that all waste is going to be incinerated reduces the perceived need to properly Manner separate waste Patient , even though such waste separation is important for worker safety as well as environmental reasons. [XYZ Dying Technology 0 MCLH 06/04/2014 ]

Whether it is customers that must sort waste into proper bins, or employees that Agent must properly separate and process waste Patient , participation and public perception are essential to the success of any waste management plan. [XYZ Waste Management Guide Dalhousie University 0 MCLH 06/04/2014 ]

Separate unwanted impurities and inorganic material (e.g., Food waste may form scum layer that is resistant to digestion grit, sand, and glass) not contributing to biogas production Patient-a [XYZ MSW Organics Processing 2013 0 MCLH 06/04/2014 ]

In the absence of an aggressive Manner waste Patient separation, diversion and 3Rs program, methane capture is still preferable to not capturing at all. [XYZ Methane 0 MCLH 07/04/2014 ]

In a facility with a well-run system for waste Patient separation at source Location , those waste streams requiring special handling will account for no more than 15 to 20 percent of the total waste generated. [XYZ Dying Technology 0 MCLH 07/04/2014 ]

In a facility with a well-run system for waste Patient separation at source Location , those waste streams requiring special handling will account for no more than 15 to 20 percent of the total waste generated. [XYZ Dying Technology 0 MCLH 07/04/2014 ]

Müllkonzept (The Better Garbage Concept) was a legislative program put forward by a coalition of citizens’ organizations in 1989 that proposed a ban on incineration, source Location separation of household waste Patient , local responsibility for waste management, and the development of intensive recycling and composting operations. [XYZ Dying Technology 0 MCLH 07/04/2014 ]

Separation of shredded fractions Patients can then be done both manually or using different technologies developed over the years. [XYZ Ewaste UNEP 0 MCLH 07/04/2014 ]

Strict Manner separation at source Location of the various waste streams requiring special attention Patients is also necessary. [XYZ Dying Technology 0 MCLH 07/04/2014 ]

The pre-processing activities primarily aim at separation of different types of glass used (the funnel contains lead and other metals) Patients and removal of coatings from the front panel. [XYZ according to Ewaste UNEP 0 MCLH 07/04/2014 ]

Treatment processes of e-waste aim at either removing the hazardous items or at separation of as much as possible of the main recyclable materials (e.g. metals, glass and plastics) Patient-a , but achieving both objectives would be most desired. [XYZ Ewaste UNEP 0 MCLH 07/04/2014 ]

Through source Location separation of recyclables and biogenic waste Patient-a , the quantity of waste for treatment is significantly reduced. [XYZ incineration residues 0 MCLH 07/04/2104 ]

For companies and industries, 80 % Value source Location separation of cardboard Patient-a and plastic Patient-b is assumed (the source separated plastic also includes low-density polyethylene, LDPE). [XYZ Municipal solid w m 0 MCLH 07/04/2014 ]

Regarding biodegradable waste, plastic containers (high density polyethylene, HDPE) and cardboard containers, a practically feasible upper limit of 70 % Value source Location separation in households Agent has been chosen, even though the measured source separation in Sweden only averages some 30%. [XYZ Municipal solid w m 0 MCLH 07/04/2014 ]

One variant is to harvest biomass for energy production and sequester the emitted CO2 Patient (BECCS). [XYZ WG1AR5GB 0 MCLH 23/06/2014 ]

Several authors have compared the radiative impact of deforestation/afforestation that results from the albedo change with the greenhouse effect of CO2 Patient released/ sequestered. [XYZ WG1AR5HS 0 MCLH 23/06/2014 ]

The Kyoto Protocol creates different units of accounting for greenhouse gas emissions, emissions reductions, and emissions Patient sequestered under different compliance mechanisms Method . [XYZ 5IPCCDYOXYDE 0 MCLH 23/06/2014 ]

Some methods would also reduce ocean acidification (see FAQ 3.2), but other methods involving oceanic storage might instead increase ocean acidification if the carbon Patient is sequestered as dissolved CO2 Substitute . [XYZ WG1AR5GZ 0 MCLH 23/06/2014 ]

Other technological options, which have been examined more extensively in previous IPCC assessments, include: [...] (3) sequestering CO2 Patient through the enhancement of natural sinks by biological fixation Method ; and (4) reducing non-CO2 greenhouse gases. [XYZ 5IPCCDYOXYDE 0 MCLH 23/06/2014 ]

Therefore, returning to pre-industrial CO2 levels would require permanently Duration sequestering an amount of carbon equal to total anthropogenic CO2 emissions that have been released before the time of CDR, roughly twice as much the excess of atmospheric CO2 above pre-industrial level Patient [XYZ WG1AR5GB 0 MCLH 23/06/2014 ]

By contrast, non-permanent sequestration methods will release back the temporarily Duration sequestered carbon Patient as CO2 Substitute to the atmosphere, after some delayed time interval [XYZ WG1AR5GB 0 MCLH 23/06/2014 ]

Forest management activities that Method can be used to sequester carbon Patient in above- and below-ground biomass Destination and soil organic carbon may also have positive or negative effects on biodiversity. [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 SB MCLH 23/06/2014 ]

The IPCC SAR estimated that about 60 to 87 GtC Patient could be conserved or sequestered in forests Destination by the year 2050 Time and another 23 to 44GtC could be sequestered in agricultural soils. [XYZ 8IPCCATTENUATION 0 MCLH 23/06/2014 ]

The captured CO2 Patient could be sequestered in geological reservoirs or the deep ocean Destination . [XYZ WG1AR5GD 0 MCLH 23/06/2014 ]

Insofar as the CDR-removed CO2 Patient is sequestered in a permanent reservoir Destination , CDR methods could potentially reduce direct consequences of high CO2 levels, including ocean acidification [XYZ WG1AR5GB 0 MCLH 23/06/2104 ]

Over the 20th century (1900 to 1995), there were relatively small increases in global land areas experiencing severe drought Cause or severe wetness. [XYZ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

For all countries, increased frequency of severe weather events Cause will enhance the risk of weather-related disasters. [XYZ 6CANADAQFP 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

The Great Plains (including Canadian prairies) and southeastern United States experience more Degree severe weather (e.g., thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hail) Cause than any other region in the world. [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

The Amazon is experiencing severe drought Cause , also due to the warm tropical Atlantic. [XYZ AWORLDOFSCIENCE 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

The climatic conditions Cause are more Degree severe in the continental interior regions of northern Asia and North America [XYZ RAPPORTPENTAGONE 0 TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

Warmer temperatures will lead to a more vigorous hydrological cycle; this translates into prospects for more severe droughts and/or floods Cause in some places and less severe droughts and/or floods in other places. [XYZ 1IPCCAVIATION 0 TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

It is also expected that many regions of the world will experience more frequent, prolonged, or more Degree severe droughts Cause due to more rapid evaporation from plants, soils, lakes, and reservoirs. [XYZ 6CANADAQFP 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

These changes in greenhouse gases and aerosols, taken together, are projected to lead to regional and global changes in temperature, precipitation and other climate variables - resulting in global changes in soil moisture, an increase in global mean sea level, and prospects for more Degree severe extreme high-temperature events, floods and droughts Cause in some places Location . [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

These extreme events may simply be the result of natural variations in climate. While floods, heat waves, a severe El Niño Cause , and other extreme events are expected to increase as the world warms, it is difficult to attribute any particular climate or weather event definitively to global warming or any other natural or human cause. [XYZ 6CANADAQFP 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

Projected increases in the frequency of heavy rainfall events and severe flooding Cause also could be accompanied by an increase in the length of dry periods between rainfall events and in the frequency and/or severity of droughts in parts of North America. [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

Furthermore, severe winters Cause can cause frost damage even to dormant vegetation, thus restricting the cultivation of over-wintering crops, such as winter wheat, on the Prairies and in other similarly affected areas. [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 TK 08/08/2013 ]

Based on limited data, the observed variations in the intensity and frequency of tropical and extra-tropical cyclones and severe local storms Cause show no clear trends in the last half of the 20th century, although multi-decadal fluctuations are sometimes apparent. [XYZ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

In 2007, a particularly Degree severe storm Cause causes the ocean to break through levees in the Netherlands making a few key coastal cities such as The Hague unlivable. [XYZ RAPPORTPENTAGONE 0 TK MCLH 08/08/2013 ]

Experts also predict longer and more frequent extreme weather events such as heavy rains, droughts, floods, and severe storms Cause whose impacts on humans and natural ecosystems could be significant (for example, longer and more frequent heat waves could increase heat ­stress related deaths). [XYZ 6CANADAQFP 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

If the poles warm more than the tropics, as they are expected to do, the temperature differences that drive these storms would diminish and the number of severe storms Cause would likely decrease. [XYZ 2CANADACCD9801 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

In the United States, where tornadoes occur more frequently than anywhere else, studies have shown no increase in the occurrence of strong tornadoes, although reports of less Degree severe tornadoes Cause have increased. [XYZ 2CANADACCD9801 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

The number of extraordinarily Degree severe floods, storms, and other weather calamities Cause that have occurred within the past 15 to 20 years would seem to suggest that such events are becoming more common. [XYZ 2CANADACCD9801 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

Extreme weather events , such as heat waves and storms Cause , could also become more frequent and more Degree severe , causing damage to property and endangering people 's lives. [XYZ 4CANADAFACC 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

Near the lake, at Bol, the drought Cause was even more Degree severe : with rainfall decreasing from 700 millimetres in 1954 to 140 millimetres in 1989. [XYZ JACLET 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

I hear that the 1997-98 El Niño Cause may have been one of the most Degree severe of this century, after another severe El Niño event only 15 years ago. [XYZ 6CANADAQFP 0 TK 08/07/2013 ]

Studies suggest that the frequency and severity of many types of extreme weather events that cause disasters Cause will change as the climate warms. [XYZ 3CANADAENVIRON 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

The severity of this drought Cause was such that Lake Karun, in the middle of the Fayyum Depression some 30 kilometres from the Nile, dried up and its sediments were partially carried away by wind erosion. [XYZ JACLET 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

An increased frequency or severity of heat waves Cause would cause an increase in mortality, heart attacks and breathing illnesses. [XYZ ENCY 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

A reduction in the frequency, severity and duration of winter freeze in the British Isles Cause would be likely under conditions associated with global warming and could be beneficial. [XYZ ENCY 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

Potential changes in the frequency, severity, and duration of extreme events Cause are among the most important risks associated with climate change in North America. [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

Potential impacts of climate change on cities include fewer periods of extreme winter cold; increased frequency of extreme heat; rising sea levels and risk of storm surge; and changes in timing, frequency, and severity of flooding associated with storms and precipitation extremes Cause . [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

Many crops, for example, are sensitive to heat stress, particularly during key stages of development, and may be adversely affected by the increased frequency and severity of summer heat waves Cause . [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

Furthermore, projected changes in summer precipitation patterns and characteristics suggest that the duration and severity of drought periods Cause may increase significantly in many areas within the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

Rising sea levels will put millions of coastal dwellers at risk, and climate change will increase both the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as droughts, floods, heat waves, and windstorms Cause . [XYZ 2EUROPACHANGE 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

Much less certain are the impacts of climate change on the frequency and severity of storms such as hurricanes, tornadoes and winter blizzards Cause . [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

Natural and human systems are expected to be exposed to climatic variations such as changes in the average, range, and variability of temperature and precipitation, as well as the frequency and severity of weather events Cause . [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

The severity of winters in western Europe Cause , for example, tends to follow the ups and downs of the North Atlantic Oscillation, an alternation in pressure differences between Iceland and the Azores. [XYZ 2CANADACCD9801 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

Large storms can be identified in model climates as areas of low pressure, and the severity of a particular storm Cause can be gauged by the intensity of the low pressure at its centre. [XYZ 1CANADACCD 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

Heat-stress mortality and illness (predominantly cardiorespiratory) are projected to more than double by 2050 resulting from an increase in the frequency or severity of heat waves Cause under climate-change conditions projected by a transient GCM (GFDL X2, UKMO X6). [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 MCLH 24/06/2014 ]

The global climate Patient has shifted and varied for billions of year, perhaps since the Earth first had an atmosphere. [XYZ ENCY 0 MCLH 01/07/2013 ]

Some systems are more vulnerable to changes in regional climate than others - e.g., human systems are more adaptive, hence on average less vulnerable, than natural systems; forested systems require longer periods than grassland systems to establish themselves and hence are less likely to be able to migrate to new locations with suitable conditions, as temperature and precipitation patterns Patient shift. [XYZ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 MCLH 01/07/2013 ]

As weather patterns Patient shift in the years following the collapse, it is not clear what type of weather future years will bring. [XYZ RAPPORTPENTAGONE 0 MCLH 03/08/2013 ]

The elevational range of some birds in the Costa Rican tropical cloud forest Patient may also be shifting. [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 MCLH 03/08/2013 ]

More recently, scientists realised that the changes in the amount of energy received by the Earth from the Sun as a result of orbital variations would not be enough to explain the significant Degree shifts in climate Patient between Ice Age and interglacial conditions on Earth Duration . [XYZ ENCY 0 MCLH 01/07/2013 ]

Projected future climate change and sea-level rise Cause will affect shifts in species composition and competition Patient . [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 MCLH 01/07/2013 ]

However, species have varying tolerance ranges for temperature and thus shifts in temperature Patient can produce changes in species composition that can affect the overall productivity of individual freshwater ecosystems and their utility to humans. [XYZ 3IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 MCLH 01/07/2013 ]

These maps illustrate that, at a regional scale, the national trends to warmer climates have been modified by shifts in seasonal wind patterns Patient . [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 MCLH 03/08/2013 ]

Climate change is a long- term Duration shift or alteration in the climate of a specific location, a region or the entire planet Patient . [XYZ 6CANADAQFP 0 MCLH 01/07/2013 ]

The longer the extremes persist, however, the less adequate these explanations become and the more we must consider the possibility of a long- term Duration shift in climate behaviour Patient . [XYZ 2CANADACCD9801 0 MCLH 01/07/2013 ]

Any shift in average climate Patient will almost inevitably result in a change in the frequency of extreme events. [XYZ ENCY 0 MCLH 01/07/2013 ]

Yet, remarkably, reconstructions of past temperature patterns suggest that these natural fluctuations Cause , though sufficient to cause tremendous Degree shifts in global ecosystems Patient , have for many millions of years remained within a relatively narrow margin needed to support terrestrial life. [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 MCLH 01/07/2013 ]

Grid point models of the terrestrial biosphere have been used to assess the effect on the net biosphere-atmosphere CO2 flux of hypothetical (or GCM-generated) changes in temperature and/or atmospheric CO2 concentration, but generally without allowing for shifts in the ecosystem Patient type at a given grid point as climate changes. [XYZ 10IPCCMODELE 0 MCLH 01/07/2013 ]

In temperate Asia, species Agent are likely to shift polewards Destination and boreal forest species projected to show large shifts (up to 400 km) in the next 50 years. [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 MCLH 03/08/2013 ]

Sea-level rise will affect mangrove ecosystems by eliminating their present habitats and creating new tidally inundated areas to which Destination some mangrove species Agent may shift. [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 MCLH 03/08/2013 ]

A study of 35 non-migratory butterflies in Europe showed that over 60 % Agent shifted north Destination by 35-240 km Value over the 20th century Duration . [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 MCLH 03/08/2013 ]

They argued that poor lighting at dawn and dusk made it likely that hunters Agent would mistakenly Manner shoot endangered migratory birds Patient along with legally taken species Substitute . [XYZ STAY_the_HAND 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

This would mean that private citizens with a permit Agent could shoot bison Patient for sport Purpose . [XYZ GALE_ENCYCLOPEDIA 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

The Wild Dogs had already killed one Impala, but the farmer Agent , despite his financial loss, called the EWT to remove them rather than shoot them Patient . [XYZ EWT_CONSERVATION_REPORT_2010 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

The animals have also suffered because of the widespread—but unfounded—belief they are pests. In many areas in Africa, people Agent have shot, poisoned, and trapped them Patient . [XYZ GALE_ENCYCLOPEDIA 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

An estimated 1,000 captive lions are legally killed in so-called “canned hunts” in South Africa each year,62 which cost on average less than a third of a “fair chase” hunt (US$20,000 vs. US$76,000).63 In a canned hunt, a paying hunter Agent shoots a captive-bred lion Patient in an enclosed space Location , ensuring a quick safari and a guaranteed trophy Result . [XYZ LION REPORT 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

Even though they are protected by laws, grizzlies Patient are still Time shot by hunters who mistake the animals for black bears Agent . [XYZ GALE_ENCYCLOPEDIA 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

The most recent known cases involved an adult female being mistaken for a snow goose near Aransas NWR in 1989, an adult female Patient shot by a vandal Agent as she migrated northward through Texas in 1991 Time , and two shot by a vandal in Florida in 1990. [XYZ Endangered_and_Threatened_Animals_Texas 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

Many farmers Agent do not see Leopards through the same eyes as the tourists and won’t hesitate to shoot these beautiful spotted cats Patient on sight Manner to prevent predation to the domestic livestock from which they make a living Reason . [XYZ EWT_CONSERVATION_REPORT_2010 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

This change gave ranchers Agent the legal right to shoot wolves attacking their livestock Patient . [XYZ GALE_ENCYCLOPEDIA 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

Large and conspicuous, Whooping Cranes Patient were shot for both meat and sport Purpose . [XYZ Endangered_and_Threatened_Animals_Texas 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

The most obvious management intervention Method would therefore be to shoot large forest owls Patient . [XYZ Case_VS_Complacency 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

The lion’s predilection to scavenging means that they Patient are easily trapped or shot while feeding on carcasses. [XYZ LION REPORT 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

However, on July 7, Wyoming Governor Matt Mead and Interior Sec. Salazar “agreed in principle” to a wolf management plan that would allow wolves Patient to be shot on sight Manner across most of the state for most of the year. [XYZ Assault_on_Wildlife 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

In 1940, Congress passed the Bald Eagle Protection Act, which made it illegal to shoot or harass eagles Patient . [XYZ Endangered_and_Threatened_Animals_Texas 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

Wolves Patient were trapped, shot, and hunted with dogs. [XYZ GALE_ENCYCLOPEDIA 0 MCLH 29/08/2024 ]

The shooting of basking turtles Patient is an activity engaged in by many Mississippi residents, and has undoubtedly caused the deaths of numerous black-knobbed sawbacks. [XYZ Endangered_Species_Mississipi_Packet 0 MCLH 30/08/2024 ]

Because of the small size of the existing wild population, mortality directly resulting from human activities, including the shooting of cranes Patient , is a serious problem. [XYZ Endangered_Species_Mississipi_Packet 0 MCLH 30/08/2024 ]

Indiscriminate Manner shooting of white-sided jackrabbits Patient could threaten this species; however, Bednarz (1977) found no evidence of shooting during his study. [XYZ Threatened_and_Endangered_Species_of_Mexico 0 MCLH 30/08/2024 ]

Occasional Frequency shooting of basking animals Patient may occur, but the significance of this is difficult to determine. [XYZ Endangered_Species_Mississipi_Packet 0 MCLH 30/08/2024 ]

Flood hazard is likely to increase across much of Europe - except where snowmelt peak has been reduced - and the risk of water Patient shortage is projected to increase, particularly in southern Europe (medium to high confidence). [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

Food Patient shortages due to decreases in net global agricultural production Cause [XYZ RAPPORTPENTAGONE 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

Water Patient shortage, already a problem in many countries of this arid region, is unlikely to be reduced, and may be exacerbated, by climate change. [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

There will be an increase in water scarcity in many regions where water is already scarce, as well as food Patient shortages and spread of tropical diseases within certain regions. [XYZ 2EUROPACHANGE 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

Climate change makes the weather more unstable, bringing more storms and droughts, and with them flooding and water Patient shortages. [XYZ 1EUROPAENV 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

The major impacts in Temperate Asia under global climate change are projected to be large shifts of the boreal forests, the disappearance of significant portions of mountain glaciers and water supply Patient shortages. [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

Water Patient shortage, water quality problems, and more frequent and intense heat waves in southern Europe could cause notable reductions in summer tourism. [XYZ VULNERABILITY 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

Meanwhile, the potential social upheaval from chronic Frequency food Patient shortages and other disasters from climate change in the developing world will place further pressure on Canada to provide emergency relief assistance, accept environmental refugees and help resolve armed conflicts that may arise from increased resource scarcities. [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

It is projected that 3 billion additional people will be stressed by water Patient shortages. Many ocean and land fish species are highly sensitive to temperature. [XYZ 3CANADAENVIRON 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

Catastrophic Result shortages of water and energy supply Patient - both which are stressed around the globe today - cannot be quickly overcome. [XYZ RAPPORTPENTAGONE 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

Although initially money will be spent on altering the energy sector and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the payback will be in the money we will save by avoiding damage from rising sea levels, from extreme weather events, from food and water Patient shortages and from dysfunctional ecosystems. [XYZ 2EUROPACHANGE 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

Adaptive response teams should be established to address and prepare for inevitable climate driven events such as massive migration, disease and epidemics, and food and water supply Patient shortages. [XYZ RAPPORTPENTAGONE 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

Freshwater Patient shortage is a serious problem in many small island states, and many such states depend heavily on rainwater as the source of water. [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 MCLH 08/11/2013 ]

Climate models Substitute attempt to simulate the behaviour of the climate Patient , in an attempt to understand the key physical, chemical and biological processes which govern climate. [XYZ ENCY 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

General circulation models Substitute simulate the climate system Patient using mathematical equations that describe the earth 's radiation budget, its translation into heat and motion, and the operation of the water cycle Method . [XYZ 3CANADAENVIRON 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

The ultimate test of a model Substitute 's ability to simulate the real world Patient , of course, is its ability to replicate changes that have already happened. [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

For these reasons, three-dimensional models with high spatial resolution and a diurnal cycle Substitute hold the only prospect of correctly Manner simulating the net effect on climate of cloud changes Patient . [XYZ 10IPCCMODELE 0 MCLH 04/11/2014 ]

GCMs Substitute can simulate both global average temperature changes and inter-regional differences Patient . [XYZ ENCY 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

The CGCM models Substitute simulate changes and variations in global temperatures, precipitation patterns, ocean circulation patterns, sea level, sea ice, and climate extremes Patient . [XYZ 3CANADAENVIRON 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

Most of these models Substitute simulate changes in a small patch of land Patient and are used to project changes in productivity or local species dominance. [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

CGCM1 has also been tested to see if it Substitute can realistically Manner simulate changes in the world 's climate over the past century Patient . [XYZ 1CANADACCD 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

While coupled models Substitute simulate features of observed natural climate variability, such as the NAO and ENSO Patient , which suggests that many of the relevant processes are included in the models, further progress is needed to depict these natural modes accurately. [XYZ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

The first models that could perform such tasks appeared in the late 1970s. They Substitute simulated the workings of the earth 's atmosphere Patient in three dimensions, representing the operation of climatic processes not only at the earth 's surface but also at various levels above it Manner . [XYZ 1CANADACCD 0 MCLH 04/11/2014 ]

Computer models which Substitute simulate the effects on climate of increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations Patient project that global average surface temperatures will rise by a further 3 ° C by the end of the 21st century, or 0.3 ° C per decade. [XYZ ENCY 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

These models divide the atmosphere or ocean into a horizontal grid with a typical resolution of 2-4 ° latitude by 2-4 ° longitude in the latest models, and typically 10 to 20 layers in the vertical. They Substitute directly Manner simulate winds, ocean currents and any other variables and processes characterizing the atmosphere and oceans Patient . [XYZ 10IPCCMODELE 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

The performance of coupled models Substitute in simulating ENSO Patient has improved; however, its variability is displaced westward and its strength is generally underestimated. [XYZ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 MCLH 04/11/2014 ]

To simulate transient climate change Patient , models Substitute needed a much better representation of ocean processes and hence still more computer power. [XYZ 1CANADACCD 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

The new model also has a more sophisticated sea ice component that Substitute simulates the transport of sea ice and the effects of ice deformation Patient , both of which influence energy flow between atmosphere and ocean. [XYZ 1CANADACCD 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

Models Substitute can be used to simulate climate Patient on a variety of geographical scales and Expanse over different periods of time Duration . [XYZ ENCY 0 MCLH 02/08/2016 ]

"Tropical-cyclone-like" vortices Patient are being simulated in climate models Substitute , although enough uncertainty remains over their interpretation to warrant caution in projections of tropical cyclone changes. [XYZ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

Confidence in projections of changes in future frequency, amplitude, and spatial pattern of El Niño events in the tropical Pacific is tempered by some shortcomings in how well El Niño Patient is simulated in complex models Substitute . [XYZ GREENFACTS 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

A mathematical model Substitute for quantitatively describing, simulating, and analyzing the interactions between the atmosphere and the underlying surface (e.g., ocean, land cover, ice) Patient . [XYZ CLIMATICEARTHEDUCATORGUIDE 0 MCLH 02/08/2016 ]

This validated model Substitute can be used for simulating impacts in the selected region Patient . [XYZ Climate_Change_Impact_Adaptation_and_Mitigation_Print 0 MCLH 02/08/2016 ]

One common type of climate model experiment conducted during the past decade involves simulating how the global climate system responds with time to a gradual change in the composition of the atmosphere Patient . [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 MCLH 02/08/2016 ]

Many physical processes Patient are directly Manner simulated, necessitating the use of a short time-step but allowing resolution of the diurnal cycle. [XYZ 10IPCCMODELE 0 DMT 12/11/2012 ]

It is currently not possible to simulate global or regional vegetation change Patient at the landscape scale Expanse ; thus, the challenge is to find rules for incorporating landscape phenomena into models with a much coarser resolution. [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 DMT 12/11/2012 ]

Climate modelling is a continuing process in which models are constantly refined so that climate mechanisms Patient can be simulated more realistically Manner and greater confidence can be had in the results. [XYZ 3CANADAENVIRON 0 DMT MCLH 12/11/2012 ]

Consider now the following approaches Method to model and simulate global climate Patient : [XYZ ATMOTHERMO 0 MCLH 02/08/2016 ]

Beginning with a preindustrial climate that is in a near-equilibrium, stable state, modellers undertaking these simulations Agent first apply historical changes in greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations to simulate how climates have changed over the past century or so Patient . [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 MCLH 02/08/2016 ]

In a companion paper by Wordsworth et al., we Agent simulate the hydrological cycle on such a planet Patient and discuss how this could have happened in more detail. [XYZ GREENHOUSE EFFECT 24772330 0 MCLH 02/08/2016 ]

We Agent simulate the effect of climate change on water requirements of cold season wheat in various climatic zones of Iran Patient . [XYZ GREENHOUSE EFFECT 124220120207 0 MCLH 02/08/2016 ]

IHPC's researchers Agent utilised their computational science expertise and the principles of fluid dynamics Method to accurately Manner model, simulate and visualise wind flow patterns in a city. [XYZ NCCS 2012 PUBLICATION 0 MCLH 02/08/2016 ]

Suburban development, water control projects, and habitat alteration in the vicinity of nest Purpose sites have all contributed to the decline of the Bald Eagle. [XYZ ENDANGERED SPECIES MISSISSIPI PACKET 0 MCLH 07/04/2017 ]

Also, increased outdoor recreation poses a potential threat to nest Purpose sites even in remote locations of Utah. [XYZ ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES OF UTAH 0 MCLH 07/04/2017 ]

Red-cockaded Woodpeckers exhibit a distinct preference for large living pines as foraging Purpose sites. [XYZ ENDANGERED AND THREATENED ANIMALS TEXAS 0 MCLH 07/04/2017 ]

For example, pregnant females seek basking Purpose sites protected by thick vegetation State . [XYZ THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES OF MEXICO 0 MCLH 07/04/2017 ]

The Endangered Species Act of 1973 protects land that satisfies spatial and nutritional needs and includes sites for breeding, reproduction, and shelter Purpose . [XYZ ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES OF UTAH 0 MCLH 07/04/2017 ]

Both the male and female select the nest Purpose site and build the nest, but the female often completes it. [XYZ ENDANGERED AND THREATENED ANIMALS TEXAS 0 MCLH 07/04/2017 ]

If you see an adult peregrine fly into a crack or cave in a tall (> 100 ft) cliff during the spring or summer, it is likely a nesting Purpose site. [XYZ ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES OF UTAH 0 MCLH 07/04/2017 ]

It has been suggested that the disease may have been introduced to wild desert tortoise populations by the release of sick captive tortoises; some tortoise die-offs in Florida have occurred in areas known to be used as sites for relocated tortoises Theme . [XYZ ENDANGERED SPECIES MISSISSIPI PACKET 0 MCLH 07/04/2017 ]

Clearly tomorrow's vehicles Patient will be smart, connected, and electrified. [XYZ SmartConnected 0 DA 12/09/2014 ]

Properly managed, through smart chargers, smart grid Patient , smart policy, and energy storage, the potential strain on the grid can be minimized. [XYZ StatusIssues 0 DA MCLH 12/09/2014 ]

Smart city ecosystems Patient provide fundamental resource services such as water and electricity through an intelligent management system. [XYZ Interface 0 DA 20/08/2014 ]

One solution to these issues is a " smart grid" Patient , which incorporates advanced transmission, distribution, metering, and consumer technologies. [XYZ PlanforProgress 0 DA 20/08/2014 ]

The future smart grid Patient promises to alleviate this issue through communication, intelligent monitoring, and control of the charging process. [XYZ SmartCharging 0 DA 20/08/2014 ]

Electric power capacity of smart garage Patient is estimated based ondemand of smart garage. [XYZ medpower 0 DA MCLH 12/09/2014 ]

Managing vehicle recharging requires a smart charging system Patient that enables communication between the customer and utilities. [XYZ Sustainable 0 DA 25/09/2014 ]

With this smart charging infrastructure Patient the shortage of energy in a local grid could be solved by our EV charging management system. [XYZ SafetyDesign 0 DA 25/09/2014 ]

[...]trolleybus systems can be an important “bridging technology” for the smart electromobility Patient of the future based on research topics like smart infrastructure concepts [...]. [XYZ TROLLEY 0 DA MCLH 12/09/2014 ]

Fortunately, the electricity industry recognizes the need for such a smart grid Patient and is beginning the long and costly process of putting it in place. [XYZ AutomotiveFuture 0 DA 20/08/2014 ]

Here, the authors focus on energy resources for smart grids Patient and smart buildings, investigating how a smart grid infrastructure accesses the energy resources in a smart building to obtain or control data. [XYZ Interface 0 DA MCLH 12/09/2014 ]

He is currently a PhD candidate in the UCLA Smart Grid Research Center, developing an efficient feedback model for a smart micro- gridcontrol system Patient . [XYZ ChargingInfrastructure 0 DA 25/09/2014 ]

The alliance is creating an application layer standard to specify how smart appliances Patient , including grid-enabled vehicles, will communicate with utilities and other grid service providers. [XYZ StatusIssues 0 DA 20/08/2014 ]

Smart meters Patient and recharging software will enable precise monitoring of electricity flows between batteries and the grid. [XYZ PlanforProgress 0 DA 20/08/2014 ]

Along with investments in smart meters Patient and smart charging software, utilities will need to invest in IT infrastructure to support a range of smart grid applications including GEVs. [XYZ ElectrificationRoadmap 0 DA MCLH 12/09/2014 ]

Meanwhile the Commission has recognised that trolleybuses are still playing a crucial role in urban mobility and that trolleybus systems can be an important “bridging technology” for the smart electromobility Patient of the future[...]. [XYZ TROLLEY 0 DA 20/08/2014 ]

Continue and expand on key vehicle electrification technologies such as batteries, smart charging Patient , lightweight materials, and selective manufacturing technology. [XYZ MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology 0 DA 20/08/2014 ]

The alliance is creating an application layer standard to specify how smart appliances Patient , including grid-enabled vehicles, will communicate with utilities and other grid service providers. [XYZ WencongSuIEEE 0 DA MCLH 25/09/2014 ]

By adding ‘‘vehicle-to-grid’’ (V2G) technology to BEVs – sometimes referred to as " smart charging" Patient – it can provide storage, matching the time of generation to time of load. [XYZ CleanTransport 0 DA 20/08/2014 ]

The company offers its services in most of the high-tech fields, including " smart grid" Patient , the military, optics, aerospace, transportation, security, telecommunications, industrial control and medical support. [XYZ GouvduQC.Strategy 0 DA 20/08/2014 ]