Snow and ice, being white, Source reflect a lot of sunlight Patient , instead of absorbing it. [ ENCY 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

These include sulphate aerosols and soot from the burning of fossil fuels, biomass aerosols from the burning of vegetation, and mineral dust from agricultural activities. Some, like soot, are dark and thus absorb sunlight and warm the atmosphere. Others, like sulphate aerosols Source , reflect sunlight Patient and cause cooling. [ 6CANADAQFP 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

Deforested areas Source , by contrast, reflect about 20 % of incoming sunlight Patient . [ ENCY 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

Clouds Source can both absorb and reflect solar radiation (thereby cooling the surface) Patient (thereby cooling the surface) and absorb and emit long wave radiation (thereby warming the surface). [ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 TK MCLH 26/06/2014 ]

This 1 % is made up of a variety of particles and gases that Source reflect , absorb, and re-emit significant amounts of both incoming solar radiation and outgoing heat energy Patient . [ 5CANADAICC 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

Land use change - agricultural fields, asphalt or concrete, they substantially alter the way the Earth 's surface Source reflects sunlight Patient and releases heat. [ 5CANADAICC 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

On the other hand, deserts created by deforestation and overgrazing Source reflect more sunlight Patient than natural vegetation , and snow covered fields more than the forests that they replace. [ 5CANADAICC 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

As humans replace forests with agricultural lands, or natural vegetation with asphalt or concrete, they substantially alter the way the Earth 's surface Source reflects sunlight Patient and releases heat. [ 3CANADAENVIRON 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

With a lower albedo, the exposed surfaces Source reflect less sunlight Patient , with more sunlight being absorbed. [ ENCY 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

Clouds Source reflect a lot of sunlight Patient and may help to reduce the amount of global warming due to man-made greenhouse gas emissions. [ ENCY 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

Ice, being white Source , reflects a lot of sunlight Patient and keeps the surface colder for longer. [ ENCY 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

The left side of Figure 1.1 shows how this incoming energy Patient is reflected and absorbed by the atmosphere and surface Source . [ 5CANADAICC 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

These aerosols Source , in addition to directly reflecting or absorbing sunlight Patient , can alter cloud processes and have significant impacts on regional climates. [ 6CANADAQFP 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

However, observational data indicate that, on average, clouds and aerosols Source currently Time reflect about 77 W/m2 (22.5 % ) of incoming radiation Patient back Direction to space Destination . [ 5CANADAICC 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

That is because these aerosols Source not only reflect more sunlight Patient back Direction to spacedirectly Destination but also increase condensation rates in low clouds, thus making them more reflective. [ 5CANADAICC 0 TK MCLH 26/06/2014 ]

However, when averaged over time and space, the Earth 's surface Source reflects 30 W/m2 (almost 9 % ) of the solar radiation entering the atmosphere Patient back to space Destination . [ 5CANADAICC 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

However, about 107 W/m2 (31 % ) of this incoming short wave energy Patient is reflected back Direction to space Destination by the atmosphere and the Earth 's surface Source . [ 5CANADAICC 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

Human activities are altering the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the build-up of greenhouse gases, that Source trap heat and reflect it Patient back Direction to the earth 's surface Destination . [ 3CANADAENVIRON 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

Forests absorb a lot of sunlight for photosynthesis and only about 12 to 15 % Patient is reflected. [ ENCY 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]

Without the cryosphere, more energy Patient would be absorbed at the Earth 's surface rather than reflected , and consequently the temperature of the atmosphere would be much higher. [ ENCY 0 TK MCLH 04/11/2012 ]