This is an artist 's impression of the European SMOS satellite, which Instrument will measure surface salinity Patient from 2007 onwards. [ AWORLDOFSCIENCE 0 TK MCLH 14/08/2012 ]

The most recent increases Patient have been measured by instruments on satellites Instrument . [ JACLET 0 TK 14/08/2012 ]

Argo floats are robotic, self-contained oceanographic measuring devices that park in the deep ocean, 2 km below the surface. Changing their buoyancy once every 10 days by shifting oil out to an external bladder, they rise to the surface. On the way up, they collect information on temperature and salinity ( some Instrument also measure oxygen Patient ), which they then transmit by satellite at the surface. [ AWORLDOFSCIENCE 0 TK MCLH 14/08/2012 ]

Comparison of vertical profiles of black carbon (BC) mass mixing ratios (MMR, in ng kgÐ1) Patient as measured by airborne single particle soot photometer (SP2) instruments Instrument during the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations Time [ WG1AR5GT 0 MCLH 16/09/2016 ]

Tide gauges Instrument measure relative sea level Patient , and so they include changes resulting from vertical motion of both the land and the sea surface. [ WG1AR5NZ 0 MCLH 16/09/2016 ]

Once every few hours, the officer on duty steps out onto one of the bridge wings, loads an expendable bathythermograph (XBT) into a launcher and pulls the trigger. The XBT Instrument drops into the ocean and measures a profile of temperature Patient , sending back its data on an unspooling length of copper wire thinner than a human hair. [ AWORLDOFSCIENCE 0 TK MCLH 14/08/2012 ]

The components of the radiation budget at the surface are generally more uncertain than their counterparts at the TOA because they Patient cannot be directly Manner measured by passive satellite sensors Instrument and surface measurements are not always regionally or globally representative. [ WG1AR5BJ 0 MCLH 16/09/2016 ]

Reflected sunlight is the most common source of radiation Patient measured by passive sensors Instrument and in environmental remote sensing, the sensors used are tuned to specific wavelengths from far infra-red through visible light frequencies through to far ultra violet . [ PANACEA 476 0 MCLH 16/09/2016 ]

Relative sea level is sea level Patient measured by a tide gauge Instrument with respect to the land upon which it is situated Reference . [ PANACEA 665 0 MCLH 16/09/2016 ]

while altimeters and passive radiometers Instrument measure wind speed only [ WGAR5BU 0 MCLH 16/09/2016 ]

The ability to measure the impact of these conditions and incentives Patient will depend, in part, upon the carbon inventory and monitoring system in each country. [ 14IPCCSRL 0 TK MCLH 14/08/2012 ]

Because of these variations, planetary energy balance Patient is difficult to measure and the ground values remain imprecise; for certain regions they are only known to the nearest few tens of watts per square metre. [ JACLET 0 TK MCLH 14/08/2012 ]

The GWPs of other greenhouse gases Patient are then measured relative to the GWP of carbon dioxide Reference . [ ENCY 0 TK MCLH 14/08/2012 ]

Although it is not possible to measure the climate per se Patient , the records of individual climate elements taken together can be used to specify the physical state of the climate at a given place, for a particular period of time. [ ENCY 0 TK 14/08/2012 ]

Methane emissions and removals Patient cannot in practice be directly Manner measured as carbon stock changes Reference , although CH4 and N2O can be determined by other means. [ 14IPCCSRL 0 TK MCLH 14/08/2012 ]

Tornadoes Patient are even more difficult to measure than thunderstorms, since they are usually very short lived and do not always occur in populated areas where they are certain to be observed. [ 2CANADACCD9801 0 TK 14/08/2012 ]

Thunderstorm activity Patient is difficult to measure on a broad scale Expanse , however, because thunderstorms are highly localized and brief in duration. [ 2CANADACCD9801 0 TK 14/08/2012 ]

Federal departments are working with Canadian universities and provincial and territorial agencies on such activities as:... deploying a series of ocean floats Method to measure temperature and salinity in Canadian waters, and a series of tide gauges in Canadian Arctic waters Patient ;... [ 4CANADAFACC 0 TK MCLH 14/08/2012 ]

While methods Method exist to measure all carbon pools Patient , to date monitoring is not routinely performed on all pools and the costs vary significantly. [ 14IPCCSRL 0 TK MCLH 14/08/2012 ]

Contrary to a widely held opinion, it is difficult to measure the Earth 's mean surface temperature Patient . [ JACLET 0 TK 14/08/2012 ]

The technical capacity required by Annex I Parties Agent to measure , monitor, and verify carbon stock changes and net greenhouse gas emissions under the Kyoto Protocol Patient will be significantly affected by decisions of the Parties regarding definitions of key terms related to land use, land-use change, and forestry activities. [ 14IPCCSRL 0 TK MCLH 14/08/2012 ]

Annex I Parties Agent generally have capacity (soil and forest inventories, land-use surveys, and Annex I information based on remote-sensing and other methods) to measure carbon stocks and net greenhouse gas emissions Patient in terrestrial ecosystems Location . [ 14IPCCSRL 0 TK MCLH 14/08/2012 ]

For instance, ongoing monitoring includes the use of:... a network of stations Instrument to measure river run-off Patient ;... [ 4CANADAFACC 0 TK MCLH 14/08/2012 ]

Radiative forcings and Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) are presented in Table 3 for an expanded set of gases. GWPs Means are a measure of the relative radiative effect of a given substance compared to CO2 Patient , integrated over a chosen time horizon. [ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 TK MCLH 18/07/2012 ]

Consequently, Total Equivalent Warming Impact ( TEWI Means , a measure of GHG emissions Patient during the use-phase and ENDANGERED AND THREATENED ANIMALS TEXAS disposal Time ) and Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP, which also includes the direct GHG emissions during manufacture and the indirect GHG emissions that are associated with the embodied energy of the substances of concern) have more practical value than more encompassing methodologies like Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Environmental Burden and others. [ CHANG_4IPCCSROCSPMTS 0 TK MCLH 18/07/2012 ]

With this in mind, it is important to recognise that global average surface temperature Means , as a measure of the global climate Patient , represents an over-simplification. [ ENCY 0 TK MCLH 18/07/2012 ]

The revenue passenger-km Means is a measure of the traffic carried by commercial aviation: one revenue-paying passenger carried 1 km Patient . [ 1IPCCAVIATION 0 TK MCLH 18/07/2012 ]

Temperature is a valuable climate element in climate observation because it Means directly provides a measure of the energy contained within the system under inspection Patient . [ ENCY 0 TK MCLH 18/07/2012 ]

The changes in surface air temperature and surface absolute humidity are projected to result in increases in the heat index Means (which is a measure of the combined effects of temperature and moisture Patient ). [ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 TK MCLH 18/07/2012 ]

The increases in surface air temperature are also projected to result in " an increase in the cooling degree days Means " (which is a measure of the influence of the amount of cooling required on a given day once the temperature exceeds a given threshold ) and a decrease in "heating degree days" Patient . [ CHANG_11IPCCBILAN2001 0 TK MCLH 18/07/2012 ]

Radiative forcing Means is a measure of the influence Patient a factor has in altering the balance of incoming and outgoing energy in the Earth-atmosphere system, and is an index of the importance of the factor as a potential climate change mechanism. [ CHANG_11IPCCBILAN2001 0 TK MCLH 18/07/2012 ]

The ¸ GWP Means is a measure of the future radiative effect of an emission of a substance relative to the emission of the same amount of CO2 integrated over a chosen time horizon Patient . [ CHANG_4IPCCSROCSPMTS 0 TK MCLH 18/07/2012 ]

The atmospheric concentration of a greenhouse gas Means is a measure of the abundance of that gas in air, usually defined in terms of the proportion of the total volume that it accounts for Patient . [ CHANG_ENCY 0 TK MCLH 18/07/2012 ]

Climatic elements Means include precipitation, temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind velocity, phenomena such as fog, frost, and hailstorms, and other measures of the weather Patient . [ CHANG_3CANADAENVIRON 0 TK MCLH 18/07/2012 ]

The second concerns the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, which is a measure of the relative strengths of the Azotes anticyclone and the Iceland depression Patient . [ CHANG_JACLET 0 TK 18/07/2012 ]

Each model uses a different measure of impact Patient , and many use different groups of countries in their definition of oil exporters. [ CHANG_8IPCCATTENUATION 0 TK 18/07/2012 ]

New analyses of daily maximum and minimum land-surface temperatures for 1950 to 1993 continue to show that this measure of diurnal temperature range Patient is decreasing very widely, although not everywhere. [ CHANG_11IPCCBILAN2001 0 TK 18/07/2012 ]