• It is true that several states have not asserted their jurisdictions over all vertebrates, invertebrates, and plant species within their state.

• To this end, when dealing with vertebrates or any endangered animals, consultation with veterinarians early in the study design is essential (see Hutchins et al. 1993).

• To help conserve genetic diversity, the ESA defines “species” broadly to include subspecies and (for vertebrates) distinct populations.