• To test for the possible role of such a component, we have divided the dataset into the five broad classes of vertebrates: mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, and fish.

• The Palila is a highly endangered bird that exists only on the slopes of Mauna Kea, the highest mountain on the island of Hawaii.

• The term “fish or wildlife” means any member of the animal kingdom, including without limitation any mammal, fish, bird (including any migratory, nonmigratory, or endangered bird for which protection is also afforded by treaty or other international agreement), amphibian, reptile, mollusk, crustacean, arthropod or other invertebrate, and includes any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof.