• In addition to zero-till rice and wheat, attempts are also being made to diversify the cropping systems by introducing other crops into new rotations that help break disease and insect cycles and provide more income and diversity for farmers.

• Low-input or organic rice in Bangladesh, China, and Latin America can produce 1.5/2.6 kg of cereal per MJ of energy consumed, which is some 15/25 times more efficient than irrigated rice produced in Japan or the USA.

• More recently, rice and tomato plants were transformed with the Arabidopsis vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase gene AVP1.