• Since fast charging shortens the life of today’s batteries, the downside outweighs the advantages of convenience to the consumer.

• Improvements in battery performance can be grouped into at least five categories: power, energy, safety, life and cost.

• With current technology, charging a battery quickly at high capacities can dramatically reduce battery life, making high capacity charging inappropriate for everyday use.

• Moreover, its constituents include gases that serve as an insulating blanket around the planet, keeping surface temperatures within the range necessary for the presence of liquid water and, hence, life as we know it.

• Then there arose a new process, perhaps unique in the universe, life, which for several hundreds of millions of years bas exploited this atmospheric carbon supply.

• Persistent degradation products of HFCs and HCFCs (such as trifluoroacetic acid, TFA) are removed from the atmosphere via deposition and washout processes and TFA is toxic to some aquatic life at concentrations approaching 1 mg L - 1.