Then right click on the icon for each hard drive and the pie chart will tell you how much disk space you have used and how much free space remains.

To copy it, click and drag and drop the file icon onto the appropriate drive; the file will now be available to you in both drives.

Most email programs automatically recognise the presence of encoded files inside an email, and present the user with an icon which can be clicked to detach or launch the attachment.

Each network interface card distributed around the globe has a unique identifier which TCP/IP uses to uniquely identify each and every computer in a network segment.

In addition, the designers of the TCP/IP protocols chose to use the term ``protocol port number'' to denote the identifier for an individual application program (e.g., a client or a server).

Unlike an Ethernet address, an IP address is 32 bits long and consists of both a network identifier and a host identifier.

Windows NT (and now Windows 95) includes native support for Silicon Graphics OpenGL, which allows 3-D applications to be run locally on the NT workstation, allowing the viewing of still and animated 3-D images.

This image was captured on a Win95 platform, so the look of the buttons and colors will almost certainly be different on your system.

Client-side scripts can also be used to create advanced Web page features such as an image map that allows the user to move the mouse pointer over a graphic image and click to access different Web page links ((...))

If a monitor's image is fuzzy, your eyes work overtime, and you're left reaching for the Optrex.

The more dense the pixels the greater is the clarity, or resolution, of the screen image.

The resolution you're running at is key, too. Resolution refers to the number of dots or 'pixels' that are used to make up the image on screen

If your network is operating under the Windows platform, there may be some computers that are still using programs that implement the SPX/IPX protocol.

ViaVoice does not implement any such copy-and-paste operation completed by voice and has the fewest options of the three programs.

Onboard sound may be adequate for most, but for real positional audio, most games implement current versions of EAX, which means you need a good Creative soundcard.

From here LAN technology is again applied using the data link layer protocols implemented in the network where the web server resides.

And as our world operates under the spirit of competition, several different protocols are being used to implement the same protocol types with the protocol supported by the market being the winner and considered dominant until such time that it is considered the standard and everyone should now follow the specifications of this particular dominant protocol.

While I could implement HTTP Authentication to ensure some basic security, I wanted to take this opportunity to get my hands dirty with another useful API developed by the team behind patTemplate -- "patUser."

When you send a scanned text document to an OCR program, the OCR engine attempts to translate the picture of text into real text that a word processor can understand and import so that users can actually manipulate the text.

Nowadays, Linux even offers a variety of commercial productivity packages and office suites which can import and export files from other platforms, including Windows and MacOS.

Most modern software suites can import documents from other suites, but typically it's best to have the correct matching program.

If a router is being inundated with datagrams and must start to discard incoming datagrams due to full buffers, how does the router know to where to send the ICMP "Source Quench" message (i.e., if the datagram was disgarded because there was no where to put it, how could it have extracted the originating address?)

Interestingly, it's able to scan existing folders as well as incoming mail, so we set it to work on a folder containing 200 items of known spam seeded with three genuine messages

The server creates the outgoing sequence number as a one-way hash (like MD5) of the concatenation of the incoming information (source address, source port number, source sequence number, destination address, destination port number), a secret key, and a counter that changes every minute.

But in conversations with vendors and users over the past year, we've found that when subscribers cite recent repairs, they often include hardware incompatibilities (for instance, a network card's IRQ conflict or problems adding a printer to the new PC might be chalked up as a repair).

Through customer feedback, publishers learn about incompatibilities and publish updates called 'patches' on their Web sites.

Incompatibility between components can lead to difficulties, as can a failure of components - though the latter is, thankfully, a rare occurrence.

This configuration may be incompatible with some versions of Samba.

A BIOS won't, for example, decide at some point that it's incompatible with your trusted graphics card.

By imposing some structure on an XML document, a DTD makes it possible for documents to conform to some standard rules, and for applications to avoid nasty surprises in the form of incompatible or invalid data.

For instance, the Yahoo index is not a complete list of all Websites, only those entered by the maintainer of the Yahoo list.

With most search engines, you fill out a form with your search terms and then ask that the search proceed. The engine searches its index and generates a page with links to those resources containing some or all of your terms.

Alltheweb is also one of the newer search engines. It claims to be faster and more efficient than other search engines, with the largest index and the most rapid look-up times.

Importantly, if we had posted this URL on a static Web page, search engine crawlers could also discover it, use the same URL as shown above, and then index the contents.

The listed version of the ROBOTS- tag (ALL) tells the search engine to index the page. However, ((...)) Search engines will also index pages without this tag.

Subject-specific search engines do not attempt to index the entire Web. Instead, they focus on searching for Web sites or pages within a defined subject area, geographical area, or type of resource.

Today, the three largest search engines in terms of internally reported documents indexed are Google with 1.35 billion documents (500 million available to most searches),(8) Fast, with 575 million documents (9) and Northern Light with 327 million documents.(10)

Despite their visionary work, Bush, Engelbart, and Nelson were unable to gain the funding and support that was needed to produce a viable system of associatively indexed information.

To put these findings in perspective, a study at the NEC Research Institute (1), published in Nature estimated that the search engines with the largest number of Web pages indexed (such as Google or Northern Light) each index no more than sixteen per cent of the surface Web.

the most recent generation of search engines (notably Google) have replaced the random link-following approach with directed crawling and indexing based on the "popularity" of pages.

Excite bills itself as the "intelligent" search engine because of its concept-based indexing.

This method of indexing tends to greatly increase the number of results retrieved, while decreasing the relevance of those results, because of the increased likelihood of words being found in an inappropriate context.

The virus ((...)) would send the 50 e-mails, and then infect a central file

Most common are e-mail worms, which infect a computer, read the address book and send out e-mails without the senders knowledge, infecting the recipients.

The virus might be able to infect all files , since you have access to all of them.

This usually happens when the user tries to open an infected program, accesses an infected disk or opens a file with an infected macro or script attached to it.

Each worm thread will then inspect the infected computer's time clock.

This attack would consist of the infected systems simultaneously sending 100 connections to port 80 ((...))

With an antivirus program installed, the likelihood of infection is slim.

The hoax asks you to look out for defects in image quality, which are said to be symptomatic of infection.

When you listen to the news, you hear about many different forms of electronic infection.

The World Wide Web is a fantastic resource, but it's only a part of a greater information resource called Internet.

A "home page" is the "front door" through which people enter a collection of information--or links to information--that someone has placed on the Web.

As well as Internet searches many websites offer a website search feature to help visitors find information on that specific website.

A modem is used to translate information transferred through telephone lines or cable.

Under a database setup, information is organized into tables which presents information under a two-dimensional structure consisting of columns and rows.

Each information packet sent from a computer is seen by all the other computers on the local network

The kilobyte is often considered to be 1024 (210) bytes in some fields of computer science and information technology.

The numerous civil liberties debates that have arisen over key escrow have overshadowed an obvious use of the technique in the information technology arena: the escrow of source code.

You may need to brush up on your information technology knowledge if by chance you will be required to specify the hardware and software requirements for such a server, not to mention the networking components that may be needed.

Initialization of a pointer variable involves pointing it to a known location in memory.

To see that bug, try eliminating the initialization part of the code (the = 200 part)

The comma operator lets you separate several different statements in the initialization and increment sections of the for loop

A common programming bug occurs when you forget to initialize a variable.

Oou can see that there are four different ways to initialize a pointer.

Why could not we always initialize sequence # as a constant?

How would you like to be able to input information into your computer by talking instead of typing?

Similarly, graphics tablets and light pens can be used to input these gestures, however these are less common everyday.

Also, allowing users to input text on your site could cause a problem.

Looking at the computer in operation -- data is put in (input) -- the processor performs the desired operations, storing (intermediate and final) results

They are assumed to be used for input only unless we specify them as for output also during variable declaration or as parameters for stored procedures.

These computers usually do not have keyboards but rely on touchscreen technology for user input.

The keyboard and mouse send your input to the operating system.

This gives you the option to connect a monitor that accepts digital input or analog input.

If the input exceeds the memory allocation, simply pass back a NULL value.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the set of "markup" symbols or codes inserted in a file intended for display on a World Wide Web browser.

A programmer can insert a program into a document that runs instantly whenever the document is opened.

Insert a table, format a paragraph, move through a document, change a font, add the numbers in column 5 or handle other editing chores simply by telling Word what to do.

If you have to install a 3.5 drive in a 5.25 bay, you ll have to use a special front panel to adapt it.

You install a card in each PC, then attach each card to the hub using a cable.

Once you have all of your equipment, all you need to do is install it and configure your computers so they can talk to one another.

The operating system is installed on your hard disk.

The temptation to install a cute screen saver can be very, very high for a PC user who is not security aware.

If a user decides to install a firewall program, the first thing he needs to do is read up on that program and fully understand what it does, how it does it, and what any messages it tells you means.

Occasionally, if you register a program with the publisher after installation you'll be e-mailed when any updates come along.

The installation of Linux itself is actually pretty painless

the lucky person who has been tasked with the responsibility of designing, specifying, and implementing or overseeing the installation of a firewall.

A boot disk contains a kernel that has been chosen by the installer to fit the needs of the system.

Table prefix: the prefix for each database table created by the installer for the bBlog application.

At this point the apt (package installer) configuration begins.

A CPU is measured by how many instructions it can process in a second, not by how long it takes to process any single instruction.

As seen earlier, a typical instruction in a processor like an 8088 took 15 clock cycles to execute.

The instruction decoder needs to turn each of the opcodes into a set of signals that drive the different components inside the microprocessor.

This pattern provides guidelines for implementing brokered authentication, authorization, data integrity, and data origin authentication with X.509 certificates in WSE 3.0.

Although firewalls can help to mitigate some of the risks present on an Internet without authentication or encryption, there are really two classes of problems here: integrity and privacy of the information flowing between hosts and the limits placed on what kinds of connectivity is allowed between different networks.

We use constraints as a means of ensuring the integrity of our data items.

Most interactive Internet applications these days make use of data bases for storing and retrieving all sorts of information.

The Web provides a vast array of experiences including multimedia presentations, real-time collaboration, interactive pages, radio and television broadcasts, and the automatic "push" of information to a client computer.

As interactive Web sites have gained popularity, Web server vendors have developed proprietary CGI based technologies to process form inputs without starting a new copy of the servicing program for every form.

TCP has a number of features that describe the interface between it and the application programs that use it:

The Ethernet address can also take on two other special values. In addition to being the unique address of a single physical interface, it can be a broadcast address for the network itself as well as a multicast address.

The interface is built into the mainboard and requires no slots.

The interface allows you to easily scan different types of log files such as system and security.

And with a graphical interface, operators can monitor and control complex operations in real-time by simply touching the screen.

The touchscreen interface is useful in systems ranging from industrial process control to home automation.

If you are installing a 3.5" internal ZIP drive, you install it the same way and into the second floppy drive bay of your case.

If you are installing a 3.5" internal ZIP drive, you install it the same way and into the second floppy drive bay of your case.

Now, you'll need to plug in the wires that connector the case's LED lights (power, and HD lights), power switch, restart switch and, if applicable, the internal speaker.

Certainly the Internet is the most conspicuous example of computer networking, linking millions of computers around the world, but smaller networks play a role in information access on a daily basis.

As we've seen in our discussion of the Internet and similar networks, connecting an organization to the Internet provides a two-way flow of traffic.

Each day, thousands more people gain access to the Internet (upwards of 6 million users at recent estimates).

This brought about a fall in the prices for IP networking hardware, and made it much easier to interconnect networks as well.

However, the advantages of a network really become apparent when you start to connect one network to another. This is called internetworking, and it forms the basis for one of the largest known networks: the Internet.

The course places emphasis on networking and internetworking

It involves a system of weighted variables in which twelve attributes are ranked from "very strong" to "very weak"; the list includes such items as ability to customize, interoperability, and availability of applications.

Because today's enterprise internetwork is multivendor, interoperability -- the ability to share information between different computer systems -- has become a critical requirement for internetworking software.

In the areas of applications, interoperability, and portability, John assigned a good enough to each category.

Open Source infrastructure software is interoperable at the infrastructure level, but Open Source desktop software is not as interoperable as needed between desktop applications.

To regain control of peripherals, and provide interoperable file and print services, enterprise administrators have implemented third-party TCP/IP application suites that include the NFS.

This feature [Encrypt with Password] is also interoperable between Office 2010 and the 2007 Office system with Service Pack 2 (SP2), but only if the host operating systems support the same cryptographic providers.

The designers needed to specify a minimum datagram size to guarantee that even the smallest embedded devices using IP could interoperate correctly.

Management systems did not interoperate and we had working group after working group of vendors sit down together to try to figure out how their products could interoperate.

In essence you are asking whether it's possible to make all wireless units interoperate. Yes, it is.

The browser knows how to interpret HTML and display it with all formatting.

Also inside the mouse are a switch for each button, and a microcontroller which interpret the signals from the sensors and the switches, using its firmware program to translate them into packets of data which are sent to the PC.

The tag lets you imbed a separate webpage to be read by surfers that are using browsers that are unable to interpret frames.

Windows NT can suspend and/or interrupt a thread if a thread with higher priority emerges.

If it does, it interrupts the processor - a so-called 'interrupt request' or IRQ.

By pressing the STOP button you can interrupt the communications link between your email reader and the mail server.

In addition to network bandwidth, intruders may be able to consume other resources that your systems need in order to operate.

If your machine is compromised, the intruder will likely (though not certainly) gain only your lower system privileges and may therefore fail to assume much control.

Knowing the usernames of a successful logon can help intruders perform dictionary or brute attacks.

Regardless of the diligence, effort, and resources spent securing against intrusion, Internet connected systems face a consistent and real threat from DoS attacks because of two fundamental characteristics of the Internet.

Laptop anti-virus and personal firewalls help, but easily become outdated or disabled. When a compromised endpoint returns to work and connects to the internal LAN, it becomes a source of infection or intrusion.

The tiny firewall has special capabilities of signature based intrusion detection, bi-directional stateful packet inspection desktop firewall etc, and prevents mass deployment of .msi packages.

The touchscreen interface - whereby users navigate a computer system by touching icons or links on the screen itself - is the most simple, intuitive, and easiest to learn of all PC input devices and is fast is fast becoming the interface of choice for a wide variety of applications,

Red Hat 2.1 has an extremely intuitive and user-friendly installation procedure which has options for text install and X Window based install.

A speedy 300-MHz CPU, 3-D acceleration and an intuitive operating system make Apple Computer's Power Macintosh 6500/300, with the Home Edition software bundle, powerful and very easy to use. And the price makes it competitive with PCs in its class.